Concurrent Alcohol Use and Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking: Smoking Topography, Toxicant Exposure, and Abuse Liability
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
Waterpipe tobacco and cigarette smoking: direct comparison of toxicant exposure.
BACKGROUND Waterpipe (hookah, shisha) tobacco smoking has spread worldwide. Many waterpipe smokers believe that, relative to cigarettes, waterpipes are associated with lower smoke toxicant levels and fewer health risks. For physicians to address these beliefs credibly, waterpipe use and cigarette smoking must be compared directly. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to provide the first cont...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Nicotine & Tobacco Research
سال: 2019
ISSN: 1462-2203,1469-994X
DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntz032